Abstract
The global incidence of diabetes in pregnancy is rising. Infants born to pregnant mothers with diabetes are predisposed to short- and long-term complications. A wide range of metabolic changes can occur in the fetus, including oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress (unfolded protein response), and hexosamine stress. There is increased risk of fetal deaths, infant macrosomia, metabolic problems such as hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, jaundice, cardiac problems such as asymmetric septal hypertrophy, and congenital anomalies. In this chapter, we have reviewed the clinical management of these infants, focusing particularly on the need for careful monitoring in the immediate postnatal period.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Principles of Neonatology |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Pages | 200-206 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9780323694155 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2023 |
Keywords
- 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
- adiposity
- alveolar pneumocytes
- anencephaly
- anorectal atresia
- asymmetric septal hypertrophy
- Atlanta Birth Defects Case-Control Study
- Baltimore-Washington Infant Study
- bilirubin
- brachial plexus injury
- cardiac silhouette
- cardiovascular
- cephalohematoma
- clavicular fracture
- coarctation of the aorta
- diabetes
- diabetic embryopathy
- double-outlet right ventricle
- duodenal atresia
- dysmorphogenesis
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- epigenetic
- erythropoietin
- facial palsy
- FGF2
- fibroblast growth factor 2
- gastrointestinal
- gestational diabetes
- glucose monitoring
- glycemic control
- hematocrit
- hemivertebrae
- hexosamine stress
- holoprosencephaly
- humeral fractures
- hydrocephalus
- hydronephrosis
- hyperadiposity
- hyperbilirubinemia
- hyperglycemia
- hyperinsulinemia
- hypocalcemia
- hypoglycemia
- hypomagnesemia
- imperforate anus
- interventricular septum
- iron stores
- islets of Langerhans
- left ventricular size
- leptin
- LGA
- lumbar
- macrosomia
- matrix metalloproteinases
- metabolic
- metabolic stress
- microcephaly
- MMP14
- MMP15
- myocardial hypertrophy
- neonatal hyperviscosity syndrome
- neural tube defects
- neurologic
- nitrosative stress
- oxidative stress
- patent ductus arteriosus
- phosphatidylcholine
- Pima Indian
- placental vasculopathy
- polycythemia
- pregestational
- pulmonary atresia
- renal
- renal agenesis
- renal vein thrombosis
- respiratory
- sacral agenesis
- sacrococcygeal
- septal hypertrophy
- SGA
- shoulder dystocia
- skeletal
- small left colon syndrome
- small-for-date
- spina bifida
- subdural hemorrhage
- surfactant
- transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- transposition of the great vessels
- unfolded protein response
- ureteral duplication
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGF
- ventricular septal defects
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Medicine