Near-Histologic Resolution Images of Cervical Dysplasia Obtained with Gabor Domain Optical Coherence Microscopy

Objective Histopathology is the criterion standard for evaluating cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (dysplasia). In this pilot feasibility study, we examined whether a novel 3-dimensional imaging device using Gabor-domain optical coherence microscopy (GDOCM) could distinguish features of cervical dysplasia comparable with histopathology. Methods A prospective observational pilot study enrolled a small sample of women undergoing loop electrosurgical excision procedure for cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia. Fresh ex vivo specimens were imaged with the GDOCM device. Digital images were reviewed by a pathologist who was blinded to the histopathology results. Histopathologic features were then compared with the digital observations. Results Standard histologic features of cervical squamous epithelium and of squamous intraepithelial neoplasia could be observed in GDOCM images. Cervical epithelium, stroma, basement membrane, and squamous papilla could all be identified. Human papillomavirus effects, such as vacuolization and cellular density, were also observed. Conclusions A GDOCM imaging system has the potential to obtain histologic resolution images of the cervix in the evaluation of squamous intraepithelial neoplasia. This pilot study allowed for optimizing the imaging system and paved the way for a future diagnostic accuracy study. The development of this technology could streamline the evaluation of patients at risk for cervical neoplasia.