Optimizing numerical k-sampling for swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography

High-quality swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) requires accurate k-sampling, which is equally vital for optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Most SS-OCT systems are equipped with hardware-driven k-sampling. However, this conventional approach raises concerns over system cost, optical alignment, imaging depth, and stability in the clocking circuit. This work introduces an optimized numerical k-sampling method to replace the additional k-clock hardware. Using this method, we can realize high axial resolution (4.9-µm full-width-half-maximum, in air) and low roll-off (2.3 dB loss) over a 4-mm imaging depth. The high axial resolution and sensitivity achieved by this simple numerical method can reveal anatomic and microvascular structures with structural OCT and OCTA in both macular and deeper tissues, including the lamina cribrosa, suggesting its usefulness in imaging retinopathy and optic neuropathy.