TY - CHAP
T1 - Pediatric AIDS
T2 - Maternal-Fetal and Maternal-Infant Transmission of Lentiviruses and Effects on Infant Development in Nonhuman Primates
AU - Van Rompay, Koen K.A.
AU - Haigwood, Nancy L.
PY - 2008
Y1 - 2008
N2 - Nonhuman primate models for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been developed and refined in an effort to investigate key questions in lentiviral transmission and pathogenesis. Vertical transmission of HIV has been studied quite extensively in an effort to understand factors contributing to the timing and route of infection, which can be in utero, intrapartum, or postpartum via breastmilk. The large portion of vertical transmission occurs around the time of delivery, while earlier in utero transmission accounts for a smaller percentage. Lentivirus-infected nonhuman primates have been shown to exhibit behavioral and neurological pathology similar to HIV-infected humans, and they offer a means to examine the effects of lentivirus infection while controlling for confounding factors inherent in human populations. The nonhuman primate models have provided an opportunity to investigate developmental and neurological changes. This chapter analyzes the status of developmental disabilities in humans, the current status of nonhuman primate models for lentivirus infection, and how they have been utilized to study developmental disabilities, and potential treatments and vaccines designed to limit disease and its effects. A key issue in this field is the role of pathogenic effects that are attributed to genetic differences in the unique HIV isolates in each mother and child pair.
AB - Nonhuman primate models for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been developed and refined in an effort to investigate key questions in lentiviral transmission and pathogenesis. Vertical transmission of HIV has been studied quite extensively in an effort to understand factors contributing to the timing and route of infection, which can be in utero, intrapartum, or postpartum via breastmilk. The large portion of vertical transmission occurs around the time of delivery, while earlier in utero transmission accounts for a smaller percentage. Lentivirus-infected nonhuman primates have been shown to exhibit behavioral and neurological pathology similar to HIV-infected humans, and they offer a means to examine the effects of lentivirus infection while controlling for confounding factors inherent in human populations. The nonhuman primate models have provided an opportunity to investigate developmental and neurological changes. This chapter analyzes the status of developmental disabilities in humans, the current status of nonhuman primate models for lentivirus infection, and how they have been utilized to study developmental disabilities, and potential treatments and vaccines designed to limit disease and its effects. A key issue in this field is the role of pathogenic effects that are attributed to genetic differences in the unique HIV isolates in each mother and child pair.
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U2 - 10.1016/B978-012373743-4.50012-6
DO - 10.1016/B978-012373743-4.50012-6
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:84882466434
SN - 9780123737434
SP - 259
EP - 282
BT - Primate Models of Children's Health and Developmental Disabilities
PB - Elsevier Inc.
ER -