TY - JOUR
T1 - Preoperative Diet Therapy
T2 - The Right Choice of Components and Supplements Can Beneficially Impact Clinical Outcomes
AU - Nikolian, Vahagn C.
AU - Rahman, Shahrose
AU - Martindale, Robert
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2023/9
Y1 - 2023/9
N2 - Purpose of Review: It is well established that malnutrition leads to worse outcomes in patients undergoing surgical procedures. To help prevent this, a litany of tools and scoring systems have been identified to identify both individuals and groups of patients who are at risk for malnutrition. The purpose of this review is to highlight the groups who are at the highest risk of malnutrition and to review the adjuncts to nutritional support in an effort to optimize post-operative outcomes. Recent Findings: This review highlights the need to nutritionally optimize certain patient populations, including patients presenting with starvation-related malnutrition, geriatric patients, patients undergoing major surgery, and patients with sarcopenic obesity. In addition, we review the adjuncts to nutritional support, including preoperative carbohydrate loading, immune and metabolic modulation using arginine, fish oils, and RNA supplementation, and the use of pre and probiotics. Summary: Patient nutrition remains a key preoperative intervenable area for quality improvement as a means to improve patient outcomes post-procedure. Not only have specific scoring systems been devised to quantify risk of complications in individuals, certain groups remain at high risk of malnutrition. Recognizing these groups preoperatively and providing nutritional adjuncts to improve patients’ nutritional status may help lead to improved patient outcomes.
AB - Purpose of Review: It is well established that malnutrition leads to worse outcomes in patients undergoing surgical procedures. To help prevent this, a litany of tools and scoring systems have been identified to identify both individuals and groups of patients who are at risk for malnutrition. The purpose of this review is to highlight the groups who are at the highest risk of malnutrition and to review the adjuncts to nutritional support in an effort to optimize post-operative outcomes. Recent Findings: This review highlights the need to nutritionally optimize certain patient populations, including patients presenting with starvation-related malnutrition, geriatric patients, patients undergoing major surgery, and patients with sarcopenic obesity. In addition, we review the adjuncts to nutritional support, including preoperative carbohydrate loading, immune and metabolic modulation using arginine, fish oils, and RNA supplementation, and the use of pre and probiotics. Summary: Patient nutrition remains a key preoperative intervenable area for quality improvement as a means to improve patient outcomes post-procedure. Not only have specific scoring systems been devised to quantify risk of complications in individuals, certain groups remain at high risk of malnutrition. Recognizing these groups preoperatively and providing nutritional adjuncts to improve patients’ nutritional status may help lead to improved patient outcomes.
KW - Microbiome
KW - Prehabilitation
KW - Surgical nutrition
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U2 - 10.1007/s40137-023-00367-8
DO - 10.1007/s40137-023-00367-8
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85159621776
SN - 2167-4817
VL - 11
SP - 225
EP - 233
JO - Current Surgery Reports
JF - Current Surgery Reports
IS - 9
ER -