TY - JOUR
T1 - Regional and sociodemographic differences in average BMI among US children in the ECHO program
AU - Program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO)
AU - Bekelman, Traci A.
AU - Dabelea, Dana
AU - Ganiban, Jody M.
AU - Law, Andrew
AU - McGovern Reilly, Alexandra
AU - Althoff, Keri N.
AU - Mueller, Noel
AU - Camargo, Carlos A.
AU - Duarte, Cristiane S.
AU - Dunlop, Anne L.
AU - Elliott, Amy J.
AU - Ferrara, Assiamira
AU - Gold, Diane R.
AU - Hertz-Picciotto, Irva
AU - Hartert, Tina
AU - Hipwell, Alison E.
AU - Huddleston, Kathi
AU - Johnson, Christine C.
AU - Karagas, Margaret R.
AU - Karr, Catherine J.
AU - Hershey, Gurjit K.Khurana
AU - Leve, Leslie
AU - Mahabir, Somdat
AU - McEvoy, Cindy T.
AU - Neiderhiser, Jenae
AU - Oken, Emily
AU - Rundle, Andrew
AU - Sathyanarayana, Sheela
AU - Turley, Christine
AU - Tylavsky, Frances A.
AU - Watson, Sara E.
AU - Wright, Rosalind
AU - Zhang, Mingyu
AU - Zoratti, Edward
AU - Smith, P. B.
AU - Newby, K. L.
AU - Benjamin, D. K.
AU - Jacobson, L. P.
AU - Parker, C. B.
AU - Perera, F. P.
AU - Herbstman, J. B.
AU - Croen, L. A.
AU - Blair, C. B.
AU - Trasande, L.
AU - Alshawabkeh, A. N.
AU - Stanford, J. B.
AU - Clark, E. B.
AU - Porucznik, C.
AU - Gern, J.
AU - Bacharier, L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Obesity Society
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the association of individual-level characteristics (sex, race/ethnicity, birth weight, maternal education) with child BMI within each US Census region and variation in child BMI by region. Methods: This study used pooled data from 25 prospective cohort studies. Region of residence (Northeast, Midwest, South, West) was based on residential zip codes. Age- and sex-specific BMI z scores were the outcome. Results: The final sample included 14,313 children with 85,428 BMI measurements, 49% female and 51% non-Hispanic White. Males had a lower average BMI z score compared with females in the Midwest (β = −0.12, 95% CI: −0.19 to −0.05) and West (β = −0.12, 95% CI: −0.20 to −0.04). Compared with non-Hispanic White children, BMI z score was generally higher among children who were Hispanic and Black but not across all regions. Compared with the Northeast, average BMI z score was significantly higher in the Midwest (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.14) and lower in the South (β = −0.12, 95% CI: −0.16 to −0.08) and West (β = −0.14, 95% CI: −0.19 to −0.09) after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and birth weight. Conclusions: Region of residence was associated with child BMI z scores, even after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. Understanding regional influences can inform targeted efforts to mitigate BMI-related disparities among children.
AB - Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the association of individual-level characteristics (sex, race/ethnicity, birth weight, maternal education) with child BMI within each US Census region and variation in child BMI by region. Methods: This study used pooled data from 25 prospective cohort studies. Region of residence (Northeast, Midwest, South, West) was based on residential zip codes. Age- and sex-specific BMI z scores were the outcome. Results: The final sample included 14,313 children with 85,428 BMI measurements, 49% female and 51% non-Hispanic White. Males had a lower average BMI z score compared with females in the Midwest (β = −0.12, 95% CI: −0.19 to −0.05) and West (β = −0.12, 95% CI: −0.20 to −0.04). Compared with non-Hispanic White children, BMI z score was generally higher among children who were Hispanic and Black but not across all regions. Compared with the Northeast, average BMI z score was significantly higher in the Midwest (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.14) and lower in the South (β = −0.12, 95% CI: −0.16 to −0.08) and West (β = −0.14, 95% CI: −0.19 to −0.09) after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and birth weight. Conclusions: Region of residence was associated with child BMI z scores, even after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. Understanding regional influences can inform targeted efforts to mitigate BMI-related disparities among children.
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U2 - 10.1002/oby.23235
DO - 10.1002/oby.23235
M3 - Article
C2 - 34467678
AN - SCOPUS:85114031841
SN - 1930-7381
VL - 29
SP - 2089
EP - 2099
JO - Obesity
JF - Obesity
IS - 12
ER -