TY - JOUR
T1 - The Genetics of Retinopathy of Prematurity
T2 - A Model for Neovascular Retinal Disease
AU - Imaging and Informatics in ROP Research Consortium
AU - Swan, Ryan
AU - Kim, Sang Jin
AU - Campbell, J. Peter
AU - Chan, R. V.Paul
AU - Sonmez, Kemal
AU - Taylor, Kent D.
AU - Li, Xiaohui
AU - Chen, Yii Der Ida
AU - Rotter, Jerome I.
AU - Simmons, Charles
AU - Chiang, Michael F.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 American Academy of Ophthalmology
PY - 2018/9
Y1 - 2018/9
N2 - Topic: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative retinal vascular disease in premature infants and is a major cause of childhood blindness worldwide. In addition to known clinical risk factors such as low birth weight and gestational age, there is a growing body of evidence supporting a genetic basis for ROP. Clinical Relevance: Although comorbidities and environmental factors—most notably gestational age and oxygen—have been identified as contributing to ROP outcomes in premature infants, some infants progress to severe disease despite absence of these clinical risk factors. The contribution of genetic factors may explain these differences and allow better detection and treatment of infants at risk for severe ROP. Methods: To comprehensively review genetic factors that potentially contribute to the development and severity of ROP, we conducted a literature search focusing on the genetic basis for ROP. Terms related to other heritable retinal vascular diseases such as “familial exudative vitreoretinopathy,” as well as to genes implicated in animal models of ROP, were also used to capture research in diseases with similar pathogenesis to ROP in humans with known genetic components. Results: Contributions across several genetic domains are described, including vascular endothelial growth factor, the Wnt signaling pathway, insulin-like growth factor 1, inflammatory mediators, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Conclusions: Most candidate gene studies of ROP have limitations such as inability to replicate results, conflicting results from various studies, small sample size, and differences in clinical characterization. Additional difficulty arises in separating the contribution of genetic factors such as Wnt signaling to ROP and prematurity. Although studies have implicated involvement of multiple signaling pathways in ROP, the genetics of ROP have not been clearly elucidated. Next-generation sequencing and genome-wide association studies have potential to expand future understanding of underlying genetic risk factors and pathophysiology of ROP.
AB - Topic: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative retinal vascular disease in premature infants and is a major cause of childhood blindness worldwide. In addition to known clinical risk factors such as low birth weight and gestational age, there is a growing body of evidence supporting a genetic basis for ROP. Clinical Relevance: Although comorbidities and environmental factors—most notably gestational age and oxygen—have been identified as contributing to ROP outcomes in premature infants, some infants progress to severe disease despite absence of these clinical risk factors. The contribution of genetic factors may explain these differences and allow better detection and treatment of infants at risk for severe ROP. Methods: To comprehensively review genetic factors that potentially contribute to the development and severity of ROP, we conducted a literature search focusing on the genetic basis for ROP. Terms related to other heritable retinal vascular diseases such as “familial exudative vitreoretinopathy,” as well as to genes implicated in animal models of ROP, were also used to capture research in diseases with similar pathogenesis to ROP in humans with known genetic components. Results: Contributions across several genetic domains are described, including vascular endothelial growth factor, the Wnt signaling pathway, insulin-like growth factor 1, inflammatory mediators, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Conclusions: Most candidate gene studies of ROP have limitations such as inability to replicate results, conflicting results from various studies, small sample size, and differences in clinical characterization. Additional difficulty arises in separating the contribution of genetic factors such as Wnt signaling to ROP and prematurity. Although studies have implicated involvement of multiple signaling pathways in ROP, the genetics of ROP have not been clearly elucidated. Next-generation sequencing and genome-wide association studies have potential to expand future understanding of underlying genetic risk factors and pathophysiology of ROP.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.oret.2018.01.016
DO - 10.1016/j.oret.2018.01.016
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30250936
AN - SCOPUS:85065774682
SN - 2468-7219
VL - 2
SP - 949
EP - 962
JO - Ophthalmology Retina
JF - Ophthalmology Retina
IS - 9
ER -