TY - JOUR
T1 - The temporal structure of REM sleep shows minute-scale fluctuations across brain and body in mice and humans
AU - Bueno-Junior, Lezio S.
AU - Ruckstuhl, Maxwell S.
AU - Lim, Miranda M.
AU - Watson, Brendon O.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 the Author(s).
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Rapid eye movement sleep (REM) is believed to have a binary temporal structure with “phasic” and “tonic" microstates, characterized by motoric activity versus quiescence, respectively. However, we observed in mice that the frequency of theta activity (a marker of rodent REM) fluctuates in a nonbinary fashion, with the extremes of that fluctuation correlating with phasic-type and tonic-type facial motricity. Thus, phasic and tonic REM may instead represent ends of a continuum. These cycles of brain physiology and facial movement occurred at 0.01 to 0.06 Hz, or infraslow frequencies, and affected cross-frequency coupling and neuronal activity in the neocortex, suggesting network functional impact. We then analyzed human data and observed that humans also demonstrate nonbinary phasic/tonic microstates, with continuous 0.01 to 0.04-Hz respiratory rate cycles matching the incidence of eye movements. These fundamental properties of REM can yield insights into our understanding of sleep health.
AB - Rapid eye movement sleep (REM) is believed to have a binary temporal structure with “phasic” and “tonic" microstates, characterized by motoric activity versus quiescence, respectively. However, we observed in mice that the frequency of theta activity (a marker of rodent REM) fluctuates in a nonbinary fashion, with the extremes of that fluctuation correlating with phasic-type and tonic-type facial motricity. Thus, phasic and tonic REM may instead represent ends of a continuum. These cycles of brain physiology and facial movement occurred at 0.01 to 0.06 Hz, or infraslow frequencies, and affected cross-frequency coupling and neuronal activity in the neocortex, suggesting network functional impact. We then analyzed human data and observed that humans also demonstrate nonbinary phasic/tonic microstates, with continuous 0.01 to 0.04-Hz respiratory rate cycles matching the incidence of eye movements. These fundamental properties of REM can yield insights into our understanding of sleep health.
KW - REM sleep
KW - facial movements
KW - infraslow fluctuations
KW - respiration rate
KW - theta oscillations
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U2 - 10.1073/pnas.2213438120
DO - 10.1073/pnas.2213438120
M3 - Article
C2 - 37094161
AN - SCOPUS:85153687666
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 120
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
IS - 118
M1 - e2213438120
ER -